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Solar Energy Introduction Advantages of Solar Energy

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Renewable Energy Source : Solar energy is a truly renewable energy source. It can be harnessed in all areas of the world and is available everyday. We cannot run out of solar energy, unlike some of the other sources of energy. Solar energy will be accessible as long as we have the sun, therefore sunlight will be available to us for at least 5 billion years, when according to scientists the sun is going to die.

Reduces Electricity Bills : Since you will be meeting some of your energy needs with the electricity your solar system has generated, your energy bills will drop. How much you save on your bill will be dependent on the size of the solar system and your electricity or heat usage. Moreover, not only will you be saving on the electricity bill, but if you generate more electricity than you use, the surplus will be exported back to the grid and you will receive bonus payments for that amount (considering that your solar panel system is connected to the grid). Savings can further grow if you sell excess electricity at high rates during the day and then buy electricity from the grid during the evening when the rates are lower. Using solar power is one such alternative where you are not only saving money through reduced electricity bills, but you are also contributing towards helping the environment. Another advantage is that Solar systems have a long life. Once installed, you will reap the benefits along with doing your bit for the environment for the more than 20 years.
Let me give you brief idea about what solar PV System is and how it works

How does Solar PV System Works? Parts of Solar PV system

    Solar system consists of the following
  • Solar Panel
  • Inverter
  • Mounting Structure
  • Balance of System – Cables – DC & AC, Electrical Fixtures – MCB, RCCB, Surge Protection etc
  • Batteries (only for regions with significant load shedding)Solar PV system consists of two main parts – Solar Panels & Inverter.

Solar Panels

Solar Panel or Photovoltaic (PV) Module it is the heart of a solar system. It consists of multiple solar cells joined together within aluminium frame and glass casing. When placed in sunlight, cells generate electricity. The inverter converts this into usable AC power to run various equipment and appliances. Solar Panels are rated for their output power. For rooftop system, typically power rating used is 200W to 300W. Multiple panels are put together to generate the desired amount of power. For example if we use 4 panels of 250W we get 1000W or 1kW power. Typically 1kW worth of panels require space of 100 sq. Ft. Panels are long life product. They last for more than 20-25 years. Typically we use panels from Tier-1 manufacturers which have output warranty of 20-25 years.

Inverter

If panels is the heart of Solar PV system, inverter is the brains. Inverter’s main function is to convert DC power generated by solar panel into usable AC power (to run our appliances and equipment). It also ensures that Solar power is used in priority over other available forms of power via grid, battery etc, the inverters we use are transformer-less and hence practically silent. They require very little space and can be wall mounted at a convenient location (typically close to solar panels). Inverters are typically warranteed for 5 years. Inverters are extremely critical to the performance of the system.

    1)   Grid Tied
  • These are directly connected to the grid supply
  • There is no limitation to the size and type of equipment than can be run
  • With net metering, excess power can be exported and used later when required
  • Suitable for cases with reliable power supply
    2)   Off-grid / Hybrid
  • These are connected to specific loads to be run
  • These have to be sized based on connected loads and their surge requirement
  • Power cannot be exported as mains and loads are isolated
  • Suitable for areas with load shedding problem

Balance of System

SPD (Surge Protection Device) protects the equipment from surge voltages created during lightening and grid fluctuations. RCCB (Residual Current Circuit Breaker) protects against current leaks which may lead to shock or fire. The electrical equipments have to be designed according to the technical specifications of panel and inverter. It is important to install safety equipments since PV systems are designed for long life. Electrical surges or short circuit can damage the equipment which are much more expensive to replace than standard safety devices

Solar inverters are essentially of following types-

What Is Net Metering How Does it work

Net metering is an arrangement between the Consumer and the Utility Company where any excess power produced by solar can be exported to the grid. The numbers of units exported are given as credit. This can be offset when electricity is consumed sometime else (for example in the night). This has allowed for maximum utilization of Solar Production, even during the days when direct consumption is very low (holidays, etc.). Net metering arrangement allows credit to be carried forward each month. Only if your production is more than consumption over the period of 1 financial year, you will get compensated by MSEB or utility company.

How Much power is generated during a year ?

Solar panels need light (not direct sunlight) for it to function. The system will produce even during monsoon season. Although the amount of production will be lower than say summer months. We take this into account in our modelling, Generally Speaking it produces 4-5 unit in a day with 1KW of installation.

What is the cost of installation of Solar PV SYSTEM ?

Cost varies on various factors, for which if you can provide me your electricity bill and let us survey your building; we can give you an estimate based upon that.

What is the maintenance Cost ?

Solar PV systems are easy to maintain. All you need is regular cleaning of panels to remove any dust or particulate matter deposits. Nothing else is required. And Standard Maintenance contract is required to check if overall solar plant is functioning.

What is the payback period (ROI)

Typically it takes around 4-6 years to recover your capital investment back depending on your tariff. After that you can enjoy the benefits of the system for next 15-20 years.

Can I benefit from the Income Tax benefits

If you are a business owner and Income Tax payer, you get 40-80% depreciation on your solar investment in the first year, 40-80% in the next year.

Few municipal corporations provide tax rebate on property tax if your house has Solar PV Plant installed.

All these benefits are at the sole discretion of concerned government agencies and it is customer’s responsibility to avail those benefits. We will not be responsible in case of rejection / disapproval of any such benefits. This information is provided as a guideline only. Consult your tax advisor for complete information applicable to your situation.

How long does it take a System to install

The time for system installation depends on complexity and size of project. This is anywhere few weeks, depending upon the size and complexity of the project.

How Does Solar affect your Carbon Footprint ?

According to report published by Central Electricity Authority (CEA), per capita electricity generation in India for FY 2014-15 was 1,010 kWh (units). This electricity is primarily generated using Thermal Power plants. It is estimated that for each unit of electricity generated by typical coal fired power plant, approximately 1 kg of CO2 is emitted into the atmosphere. This means that for an average household with 4 members emits ~4000 kg of CO2 into the atmosphere every year. Or in other words a family of four has a carbon footprint of 4 metric tonnes just due to electricity consumption.

Compare that to electricity generated by Solar PV system. Each unit of electricity made from solar energy emits only 50 g of CO2 into atmosphere. This means a whopping 95% reduction in greenhouse emissions per unit of electricity. If an average household adopts Solar as per their current needs it will prevent 3,838 kg of CO2 to be released into the earth’s atmosphere. Still not convinced? Let me put things into perspective. According to study by NCSU; a a tree can absorbs up to 22-Kilograms of carbon dioxide per year. This implies that switching to solar is equivalent to planting ~175 trees every year (at present levels of consumption). India is poised for economic growth in the coming years. This means urbanization and increase in standards of lifestyle. The requirement for electricity is set to increase and we need to take measures that our economic development does not lead us to environmental peril.

Solar is commonly labeled as green tech. But what does that mean? In layman’s terms any technology that is does not harm the environment is called green. Some people also go so much to say that green tech also reverses the harmful effect of existing technologies. So, is Solar really green? Definitely! Solar is a sustainable technology. It is practically non-polluting and creates many environmental benefits. For scope of this article, let us focus on reduction of carbon footprint. Using solar power is one such alternative where you are not only saving money through reduced electricity bills, but you are also contributing towards helping the environment. Another advantage is that Solar systems have a long life. Once installed,you will reap the benefits along with doing your bit for the environment for the more than 20 years.

Now, what is this Carbon Footprint ?

It is the total amount of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide that are produced due to human activities like, burning fuel, industries, electricity, etc. This affects the temperature of earth’s atmosphere. If the amount of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, etc. increases, the average temperature of Earth would rise, thus posing serious threat of melting of glaciers and polar ice-caps. The temperature also plays important role in weather pattern, and rising temperatures may cause it to change. For comparison, we may look at a planet like Venus, where atmosphere consists predominantly of Carbon Dioxide (96.5%), with average surface temperature of almost 467 degrees Celsius. The rising carbon dioxide concentrations are already causing the Earth to heat up. The average global temperature has risen 0.8 degrees Celsius since 1880.

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